Feature Comparison

Feature Comparison

Feature Charts

Major Features

Make Model Tilt/Swivel Zoom¹ Wireless HSS 2nd Sync Manual Auto 2nd Flash
Pentax AF200FG Full only
Pentax AF360FGZ Tilt Only 85mm 6 steps ✓²
Pentax AF540FGZ Both 85mm 7 steps ✓²
Metz 44 AF-1 Both 105mm³ ✓⁴ 4 steps
Metz 50 AF-1 Both 105mm ✓⁴ 8 steps
Metz 52 AF-1 Both 105mm 25 steps
Metz 58 AF-2 Both 105mm 25 steps
Sigma EF-610 DG ST Both 105mm³ Full or ¹⁄₁₆
Sigma EF-610 DG Super Both 105mm 7 steps⁷
Promaster 5250DX Tilt Only ¹⁰
Promaster 7200EDF Tilt Only
Promaster 7400EDF Tilt Only 105mm¹²
Promaster 7500EDF Both 105mm 7 steps
Tumax DSL28AF¹³ Tilt Only ✓¹⁴
Tumax DSL88AFZ¹³ Tilt Only 85mm¹⁵ ✓¹⁴
Tumax DSL98AFZ¹³ Both 85mm¹⁵
Tumax DPT3AFZ¹³ Both 85mm 5 steps
Tumax DPT5AFZ¹³ Both 105mm 6 steps


1 Expressed as 35mm EFL.
2 Only with camera in M mode.
3 Automatic zoom only; no manual zoom control.
4 As wireless P-TTL slave only — not as controller.
5 Requires SCA 3702 adapter for P-TTL functionality.
6 Does not work in P-TTL mode even with SCA 3702 module.
7 Models for Pentax, Nikon, and Sony allow 7 steps, down to ¹⁄₆₄th; those for Canon and Sigma allow 8, down to ¹⁄₁₂₈th.
8 Requires 5050DXR/PX digital flash module for P-TTL functionality.
9 Full or ¹⁄₁₆ when used with separate FTM5000 manual focus module.
10 Auto mode available with separate FTA5000 auto focus module.
11 Manual zoom only, to 35mm, 50mm, or 85mm.
12 Missing the typical 28mm and 70mm zoom stops.
13 There are many variants of this flash on the market, labeled as Vivitar, Cactus, Metz, and others; features and compatibility vary even within the same name. See table of OEM labels.
14 Not available on the Metz 24 AF-1 or 36 AF-4/AF-5.
15 Manual zoom only, to 28mm, 35mm, 50mm, or 85mm.

Other Features

Make Model Custom Auto-Off Contrast Control Model Light Strobe Mode Auto Brkt Spot Beam Beep Option Format Conv. Ilumination Patterns Sync Port Field Upgrades
Pentax AF200FG
Pentax AF360FGZ
Pentax AF540FGZ ✓¹
Metz 44 AF-1
Metz 50 AF-1 wide
Metz 52 AF-1 wide, spot
Metz 58 AF-2 wide
Sigma EF-610 DG ST
Sigma EF-610 DG Super
Promaster 5250DX
Promaster 7200EDF
Promaster 7400EDF
Promaster 7500EDF
Tumax DSL28AF³
Tumax DSL88AFZ³
Tumax DSL98AFZ³
Tumax DPT3AFZ³
Tumax DPT5AFZ³


1 Only enabled or disabled.
2 Requires SCA 3702 adapter for many of these functions.
3 There are many variants of this flash on the market, labeled as Vivitar, Cactus, Metz, and others; features and compatibility vary even within the same name. See table of OEM labels.
4 May be available on some newer variants, but I haven't seen one for sale in the US yet.

Feature Discussion

Tilt/Swivel

Tilt and swivel: Pentax AF540FGZ, Metz 44 AF-1, 52 AF-1, 58 AF-2, Sigma EF 610DG ST, EF 610DG Super, Tumax DPT3AFZ, DPT5AFZ
Tilt only: Pentax AF360FGZ, Tumax DSL28AF, DSL88AFZ

A flash which simply sits in the hot shoe pointing forward offers little more than what one gets with a built-in flash. In fact, since the Pentax AF200FGZ does not work as an optical wireless P-TTL controller, it is actually a step back in features from the built-in flash on most recent Pentax camera bodies.

All other models covered here can tilt upwards, enabling ceiling-bounced flash for indirect, even lighting.

The Tumax DSL28 and very similar Metz 24 AF-1 are quite compact flashes, requiring only two AA batteries. Most tilt-capable flashes follow a design where they are hinged in the middle and the entire head of the flash tilts. On these, just the flash reflector tilts on a small hinge (see the picture here). It's very like Nikon's SB-400 Speedlight — and to editorialize a bit, a lead Pentax should follow when they get around to updating the AF200FGZ.

The Pentax AF360FGZ, Tumax DSL88 series (including Metz 36 AF-4/AF-5), and Promaster 5250DX, 7200EDF, and 7400EDF can tilt upwards to 90°, but don't have the ability to rotate from side to side. The other models can both tilt and swivel from side to side, which is vital when using ceiling-bounced flash with the camera in portrait orientation. Of course, if your primary use of the flash is off-camera, side-to-side swivel is unnecessary.

The Pentax AF360FGZ can tilt down to -10°, and the Promaster and Sigma models to -7° — this gives better coverage of close subjects. The Metz 58 AF-2 can tilt downward by 7° as well, as could the older 48 AF-1 and 50 AF-1 models, but the newer 44 AF-1 and 52 AF-11 have no downward tilt. Tumax models also have no downward tilt ability.

All the Pentax, Metz, Promoster, and Tumax models have click-stops at 0°, 45°, 60°, 75°, and 90°, which is quite convenient if you want to direct some light forward (and recommended when using a diffuser accessory like the Sto-Fen Omnibounce). The older 530-series Sigma models only click into place straight forward and straight up. The newer 610-series models are better, missing only the 45° option from the typical list.

Wide-Angle Diffuser

Pull-out wide-angle diffuser: Pentax AF200FG, AF360FGZ, AF540FGZ, Metz 44 AF-1, Sigma EF 610DG ST, EF 610DG Super, Tumax DPT3AFZ, DPT5AFZ
Pull-out extra-wide diffuser: Metz 52 AF-1, 58 AF-2
Push-on diffuser included: Promaster 7500EDF

Most models have a built-in wide-angle diffuser which pops out and flips down over the flash head. Exceptions are the Promaster flashes and the lower-end Metz and Tumax units. Most Promaster units include a push-on diffuser in the package, as does the Metz 36 AF-5. (The earlier Metz 36 AF-4 did not.)

These diffusers are not designed to soften light (like a mini-softbox) but simply to disperse it for use with wider-angle lenses. This is necessary at real focal lengths (on current Pentax dSLRs) below 16mm for the zoom models and below about 19mm for the fixed reflector models. Although the exact claimed numbers vary, using the diffuser should provide coverage down to approximately 13mm (again, real focal length).

Of particular note, the wide-angle diffuser on the Metz 50 AF-1, 52 AF-1, and 58 AF-2 covers an unusually wide angle — a field of view given by an 8mm lens on a Pentax APS-C camera.

Bounce Cards

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Many models include have a built-in bounce card next to the pop-out diffuser. This can be used to bounce a small portion of light forward to provide catchlights in the eyes of your subjects.

This feature is available on both Pentax FGZ models, the AF Metz models from the 44 AF-1 up, and on the new Sigma 610-series flashes (but not on the older Sigma 530 series).

The Tumax DPT3 and DPT3 series flashes both have this feature, although it was missing on some earlier variants of the DPT3.

Secondary Reflector

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The Metz 54 MZ-4i, Metz 58 AF-1/AF-2, and Promaster 5750DX and 7500EDF additionally have a secondary forward-facing reflector to which some of the flash power can be directed. This can provide more forward-directed light than a bounce card in order to fill in shadows. There is a separate flash bulb, but power comes from the same source, so main flash power is reduced by about 15%.

The secondary flash on the Metz 58 AF-1/AF-2 has a guide number of 15 and covers a 35mm field of view (35mm equivalent focal length). It can be used at half or quarter power via a menu option and works with P-TTL bounce flash.

The 54 MZ-4i's flash has a guide number of 10, and can be cut in half by physically changing a filter. Unfortunately, the secondary reflector on the 54 MZ-4i does not work in P-TTL mode — non-P-TTL auto must be used instead. The 58 AF-1/AF-2 does not have this limitation.

The Promaster 7500EDF's secondary reflector is somewhat less powerful, with a guide number of about 6.4 at a much tighter angle of view of 50mm.

Zoom

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Flash light is only useful when it's actually included in the photograph. Therefore, more advanced flashes feature motorized zoom reflectors which automatically narrow at greater focal lengths. This directs more of the flash power directly into the field of view. This can be very significant: there's typically a 3× effective gain in power from 24mm to 85mm.

All auto-zoom flashes listed here begin at 24mm in 35mm terms, but Pentax and the Tumax DPT3 series stop at 85mm, while the rest go to 105mm. See the guide number table for details on how this affects flash power at higher focal lengths.

Note that the Promaster 7400EDF is missing the typical 28mm and 70mm zoom steps.

The Promaster 5750DX has a zoom reflector, but it isn't motorized or automatic. Instead, it can be set physically to 35mm, 50mm, or 85mm. The Metz 36 AF-4/AF-5 also has a manual zoom reflector; it can be set physically to 28mm, 35mm, 50mm, or 85mm.

The Sigma EF-530DG ST and EF-610DG ST have the opposite deficiency: the zoom is motorized, but only automatically adjusts itself based on the information from the camera. You can't change the zoom manually if you want a wider or narrower beam. The Sigma Super versions do allow a manually-set zoom position.

The Tumax power-zoom flashes automatically zoom with focal length, but the coverage can also be controlled manually.

Wireless

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Pentax's P-TTL system includes the ability to control flashes remotely, not just as dumb slaves but with coordinated exposure information. There are two required components: a master or control flash and at least one off-camera slave flash.

The built-in flash on every K-series Pentax dSLR (except the older K100D) can act as a master/control flash — even on the low-end K-r/K-x.2 (Unfortunately, it appears that the K-01 mirrorless camera isn't included.) This means that when I say in this section that a flash can be used as a wireless P-TTL slave, it means you only need that plus your built-in flash else to get this incredibly useful functionality.

Pentax's AF200FG is, unfortunately, not able to act as part of a wireless P-TTL setup. In combination with its lack of a tilt head, this makes it largely useless. If Pentax were to add this feature to a future version, the flash would move from being merely basic to being an entry-point to the whole system, and would remain useful as secondary lights for intermediate users.

Both the Pentax AF360FGZ and AF540FGZ can act as both controller and slave units.

The Metz 44 AF-1, 48 AF-1, and 50 AF-1 can act as a slave, but not as a controller. The 58 AF-1 and AF-2 can do both, but due to a bug in the current firmware, neither model can do HSS in master/controller mode. (They work fine as HSS slaves, if a Pentax flash is the controller.) There are currently no known plans for an updated firmware to fix this issue.

The Metz 48 AF-1 and higher can be set to one of Pentax's four channels. The 44 AF-1 has a notable drawback: it responds on all channels, which could be a problem if you're in a shared space with other Pentax photographers.

The 54MZ-4i can't participate in Pentax's system but with a separate module from Metz can have similar functionality in combination with other Metz flashes in non-P-TTL auto mode — either other 54MZ-4i flashes or more powerful models, or with the 28 CS-2 slave unit (which seems a bit pricey in the US but is interestingly reasonable in Europe).

Sigma's Super versions can act as both slave or controller; the ST versions can't do either. Be aware that in low light when using a built-in flash as a controller, a EF-530 DG Super slave may be triggered erroneously by the autofocus assist strobe used on camera bodies without a dedicated focus-assist light. Pentax and Metz flashes don't have this problem, and it's a non-issue on newer camera bodies which have a focus-assist lamp. (Not sure yet about the updated Sigma model.)

Tumax's DPT5 series flash can be used as a wireless P-TTL slave, but not as a controller.

The Sigma EF-530 DG Super and EF-610 DG Super, the Promaster 7500EDF, and the Tumax DPT3 series flash can be used as dumb slaves (simply flashing in response to another flash), but this requires another non-P-TTL flash on-camera, because otherwise they will be triggered before the exposure by the P-TTL preflash. Promaster also makes a slave module for the 5000-series flashes. This has the same limitation.

With a firmware from February 16, 2011 (or newer), the Metz models from the 48 AF-1 on up can act as what Metz calls "servo mode" slaves, where the initial preflash is ignored and the flash fires at a preset manual level when the main on-camera flash fires. This mode is enabled by putting the flash into SL + M mode — instructions for doing that with the 48 AF-1 or 50 AF-1 can be found here. Normally, one would use this with the on-camera flash not set for wireless.

The Tumax DPT5 series flash also has a preflash-aware manual slave mode, where you can tell it to skip from zero to nine flashes before firing.

High-Speed Sync

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This allows one to use the flash in combination with shutter speeds faster than the camera's sync speed, which in current Pentax models is 1/180th of a second. At shutter speeds exceeding that, there's never actually any time when the entire sensor is exposed at once: there's just a fast-traveling slit between the front and rear shutters. HSS works by creating many very fast pulses rather than one bright flash, so the tradeoff is reduced power. This isn't necessary (in fact, quite the contrary) for freezing motion — for that, you need to look at the actual flash duration (which is generally much, much shorter than the shutter speed).

The Pentax AF360FGZ and AF540FGZ can do this, as can the Metz 48 AF-1, 50 AF-1, and 58 AF-1/AF-2 models, the Sigma Super variants, and the Tumax DPT5 series. (Sigma calls it FP flash (for focal plane) instead of HSS.)

Note that this is one if the points where the Metz 44 AF-1 is specified below the 48 AF-1, which it matches in features in most respects.

The Metz 54 MZ-4i has the ability to do HSS with some systems, but not currently with Pentax and the SCA-3702 module.

Note that HSS can be used in combination with wireless P-TTL, but not when using the camera's on-board flash as the controller3. This may simply be a software limitation due to user interface design — wireless flash mode and high-speed sync mode are separate choices one may select from the various flash modes, rather than being independent switches.

The Metz 58 AF-1 and AF-2 also have this limitation due to a bug in the current firmware. There are currently no known plans for an updated firmware to fix this issue. It works in HSS mode as a slave, however.

Rear-Curtain Sync

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Rear-curtain sync (also called second- or trailing-curtain sync) is the ability to time the flash pulse to just before the shutter closes rather than when it opens. This is usually used in combination with a longer exposure to gather ambient light while using the flash to freeze a main subject. With first-curtain slow sync, any motion trails captured by the ambient exposure appear to lead backwards from frozen subject. Rear-curtain makes it look right, but the downside is that it's much harder to get the timing right.

Again, the Pentax AF360FGZ and AF540FGZ can do this, as can the Sigma Super variant and the Promaster 7500EDF and generic Tumax flashes (although some branded variants may not).

All Metz flashes nominally support this feature, but in order for it to actually work, the flash itself needs to have a control. With Pentax's protocol, the setting on the camera doesn't communicate this with a hotshoe flash, so while these models of Metz flashes for other systems might support rear curtain sync, no such luck for us. That means only the 48 AF1 and up support this feature on the Pentax system.

Even though the Metz 36 AF-5 is basically the same as the Tumax DSL88 Series, it does not have the control for rear-curtain sync. On the Tumax DSL886AFZ, what is a two-position on/off switch on the Canon and Nikon versions has an extra position to enable rear-curtain sync. Metz has opted to use leave this out.

On the plus side for Metz, higher-end Metz flashes can do rear-curtain sync in manual flash power mode. Flashes of other makes work only in P-TTL automatic exposure modes, which means that there will be a brief preflash before the start of the exposure.

Flash Output Compensation in P-TTL Mode

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The Pentax flash control system lets you set a flash compensation value on the camera body which is cumulative with any value set on the flash itself. Having two independent settings is most important when using multiple flashes for a scene, but it also gives increased flexibility, since it adds a couple of stops to the range and because many Pentax camera bodies can work in ⅓-stop increments.

With the exception of the AF200FG (which only offers Auto, -0.5, or -1), the Pentax flashes allow compensation from -3 to +1 in half-stop increments.

The Sigma EF-530 DG Super and EF-610 DG Super also allow compensation from -3 to +1 in half-stop increments. The Sigma ST models just follow the on-camera setting.

The Metz flashes from the 48 AF-1 up allow EV -3 to EV +3 in third-stop increments; the 44 AF-1 also allows flash EV compensation but I'm not sure what the limits are. The lower-numbered modules have no independent compensation control.

The Promaster and Tumax flashes don't have separate on-flash settings (but are still affected by the camera's setting for flash EV compensation.)

Manual Power Control

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Most models allow one to turn off P-TTL mode and simply control the flash manually. This is done by setting the flash to output at a certain fraction of its full power, normally ¹⁄₁, ½, ¼, ⅛, etc.

Metz is the clear winner here, with the top models having 25 settings all the way down to ¹⁄₂₅₆ power in third-stop increments, and even the 50 AF-1 has eight steps down to ¹⁄₁₂₈. The 44 AF-1 gets an honorable mention with four choices.

The top-of-the-line Pentax AF540FGZ, Sigma EF-530 DG Super and EF-610 DG Super, and Promaster 7500EDF flashes each have seven steps to ¹⁄₆₄, followed by the Pentax AF360FGZ and Tumax DPT5 at six steps to ¹⁄₃₂, and the Tumax DPT3 at five steps to ¹⁄₁₆.

Of course, since the AF360FGZ has about half the power of the AF540FGZ, ¹⁄₃₂ of the former is about the same power as ¹⁄₆₄ of the latter.

The Sigma EF-530 DG ST and EF-610 DG ST allow only full or ¹⁄₁₆ power, and the Pentax AF200FG can only be manually fired at full power. The Metz 5000-series flashes can be equipped with a separate module (the FTM5000) which enables manual flash at full or ¹⁄₁₆ power. The Metz 36 AF-4/AF-5 and Promaster 7200EDF and 7400EDF models to have no manual mode at all.

Other Flash Modes

This guide is primarily concerned with P-TTL operation. However, older camera bodies do not support this, and it is sometimes desirable to have the flash choose the appropriate power level itself.

Regular TTL

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P-TTL works by sending a small flash pulse at much less than full power. Light bounced back to the camera from this preflash is used to compute the amount of power required for the real flash, which follows nearly instantaneously. Old-style TTL worked by measuring light reflected off of the film, or from the sensor in early Pentax models. Apparently this was problematic when used with modern sensor coatings, so this mode is no longer available in current camera bodies — a discussion for another article.

The Pentax, Metz, and Sigma models all automatically revert to regular TTL on camera bodies where that is available but P-TTL is not. The Promaster flashes don't support regular TTL and will fire at full power. It is unclear how Tumax/generic flashes behave in this situation and it may depend on the specific version. (And some older versions of the generic flashes only support old-style TTL.)

It's important to keep in mind that this is strictly a backwards-compatibility feature. The old-style TTL requires an additional light sensor in the camera body, and that's unlikely to come back.

Auto

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It would sometimes be convenient for the flash to be able to choose the appropriate power level automatically itself. P-TTL isn't available with manual-focus lenses which lack electronic communication with the camera body, and it handles some scenes (particularly when there are reflective surfaces in the shot) erratically.

This is sometimes called "auto thyristor", and requires a sensor on the flash, which most models do not have — only the Pentax AF360FGZ and AF540FGZ, and the Metz 58 AF-1/AF-2. The Metz 54 MZ-4i has an auto sensor in the Pentax-specific module and can also use the auto-only standard SCA 301 module.

Auto mode on the Pentax flashes is clearly intended for older camera bodies. Zoom information isn't automatically communicated and must be set manually. Also, many people find it annoying that the flash will reset to P-TTL mode whenever resuming from auto-off (while the Metz 58 AF-1/AF-2 stays where you left it).

Somewhat oddly, when a Pentax flash is in auto mode and the camera is in P or Tv (shutter priority) mode, the camera gets (and sets itself to) the appropriate aperture based on directions from the flash. (Including automatically doing the right thing for different ISO settings.) The Metz 58 AF-1/AF-2, by contrast, works the other way around: the flash automatically reads the current aperture and ISO information from the camera (which works in all program modes).

Promaster offers a separate module (the FTA5000) for its 5000-series flashes which makes them work in auto mode.

Customizable Auto-Off

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All of the flashes turn off automatically after a few minutes of inactivity, and can be turned back on by lightly pressing the camera's shutter button. This auto-off feature can be disabled on the Pentax AF540FGZ, and on the higher-end Metz flashes (48 AF-1 and up) can either be disabled or changed between a 1 minute or 10 minute delay.

This can be very important when using the flash as a remote slave, where having the flash go to sleep automatically can be quite annoying.

Contrast Control Sync

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This is a Pentax flash system feature where a cable-connected flash fires in combination with the camera's built-in flash. The built-in flash provides one third of the required light and the off-camera flash provides the rest. Pentax and Metz supports this on their more advanced models, and Sigma on all models. This mode does not appear to be meaningful when using wireless P-TTL. In any case, setting flash-based exposure compensation can be used instead, for models which support that.

Modeling Light Option

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A modeling light mode causes the flash to strobe for a brief time, temporarily providing the effect of a constant light. This allows one to directly see where shadows will fall before taking a photograph. This is more important with film where there's no other easy way to get instant feedback, but can still be useful in the digital era. The entry-level models from each manufacturer are missing this feature, but most middle and higher-end models all have it.

The Metz 44 AF-1 has the capability to fire a 3-second modeling light, but there is no control for it — it instead depends on a corresponding control on the camera. Since no Pentax camera has such a control, the modeling light is not actually available to us. More advanced Metz models have direct buttons for triggering the modeling light.

Stroboscopic Mode

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The Metz MZ 54-4i and 58 AF-1 / 58 AF-2, the Sigma EF-530 DG Super and EF-610 DG Super, and the Promaster 7500EDF can produce multiple visible flashes per exposure to produce a multiple-stop-motion effect in one image. These multiple flashes must be at lower than full power.

The Metz flashes can fire up to 50 flashes at speeds ranging from 1hz to 50hz at a maximum of ¼ power. The Sigma EF-530 DG Super can fire up to 90 flashes at a frequency from 1hz to 100hz, with the limits changing depending on the power level selected (again, at maximum ¼ power). And Sigma EF-610 DG Super can fire 100 flashes as rapidly as 199hz, although that peak is only reached when power is decreased to ¹⁄₁₂₈th.

The Promaster 7500EDF can fire up to 10 flashes at seven choices of frequency ranging from 1hz to 100hz, at ¹⁄₁₆ power only.

Automatic Flash Bracketing

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The Metz flashes from the 48 AF-1 and up have an auto-bracketing feature where three consecutive shots are taken, the first with no exposure compensation, the next with negative compensation, and finally with positive compensation. The correction value can be up to 3EV each direction, in ⅓ stop increments.

Unfortunately, this feature does not work in wireless P-TTL mode.

Auto-Focus Assist / Spot Beam

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All flashes except the Pentax AF200FG include a focus-assist beam which replaces the horrible subject-startling strobe effect Pentax built-in flashes use to provide AF assist. Additionally, Pentax and the higher-end Metz models provide a mode where the AF assist light is enabled but the flash doesn't fire — Metz calls this "spot beam".

Beep Function

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The top-end Metz flashes can be made to beep when the flash is ready, on correct exposure, and on errors. These Metz flashes are unusually quiet while recharging, and without the familiar high-pitched whine of a flash that isn't ready yet, it's nice to have an alternative indicator.

Camera Format Conversion

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The angle of coverage provided by a zoom flash is conventionally referred to in 35mm full-frame terms. That means that if a flash is set to the "50mm" position, the zoom head projects a beam wide enough to cover the field of view of a 50mm lens on full-frame. However, the crop-factor must be applied in reverse here — if you use a 50mm lens on a Pentax APS-C camera, you're losing power if you set the beam to be that wide, and the 35mm flash setting is actually appropriate.

The Pentax and higher-end Metz zoom flashes can instead display numbers that match real APS-C focal lengths, so you don't have to think about this.

Of course, the other automatic-zoom flashes, like those from Sigma, actually zoom to the correct angle of view for APS-C cameras, but their displays (electronic or mechanical) require mental conversion. (Or, some models don't even have displays, making that moot.)

Illumination Patterns

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The higher-end Metz flashes can be set so the zoom reflector automatically provides a wider beam than strictly required to cover the field of view of the current lens focal length. This provides a more diffuse light with more reflections bounced from out-of-frame — nice, when you don't need all the focused power anyway.

Metz calls this "Extended Zoom Mode", and it's similar to the "even" illumination pattern found on some Nikon flashes.

The Metz 52 AF-1 also has a "Spot Zoom Mode" which focuses the flash beam more tightly, providing brighter light in the center of the frame with shadows in the corners. (Similar to Nikon's "center-weighted" illumination pattern.)

Of course, you can do this manually on the 36 AF-5, or on any flash in manual-zoom mode, but then you must remember to keep up as focal length changes. And note that the Metz 44 AF-1 and the ST version of the Sigma flashes lack a manual zoom mode entirely.

P5 Sync Port

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The Pentax AF540FGZ has a P5 Sync Port. This is similar in concept to the old standard X Sync (or PC Sync — that's Prontor/Compur) port, but not compatible. Unlike the X Sync cable, this provides full Pentax-specific communication just as if the flash were mounted on the hot shoe directly.

No Pentax dSLRs have the corresponding port on the camera side of things, so you need Pentax's "Hot Shoe Adapter F". And, for any flash which doesn't have the port, you can use the "Off-Camera Shoe Adapter F" to provide one. In either case, you'll need Extension Cord F5P, which comes in short (1m) and long (3m) varieties.

Field-Upgradeable via USB

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Since Pentax does not license the P-TTL digital protocol to third parties, companies like Metz, Sigma, and Promaster must reverse-engineer the way the camera body communicates. Small changes in the protocol when new camera models come out often mean that third-party flashes don't work with the new stuff.

Usually, the problem is quickly resolved, but existing flashes need an update. For Sigma and Promaster flashes, once the update is available, you send your flash back to the factory service center, and they do it for you for free. This is also true of the entry-level Metz flashes, but the nicer models include a USB port. When an update is available, you simply use the MS Windows or Mac OS X software Metz provides to update the flash firmware yourself. This is quick and easy and saves shipping costs and time.

Metz has even updated flashes with small new features in this way.

Note that this isn't really an issue for Pentax-made flashes; so far, whatever changes have been made have stayed within what the existing flashes understand, and presumably Pentax will keep it so. On the other hand, it's a much bigger issue for the "generic-make" flashes, as it's often impossible to get support.

The new Tumax DPT5-series flash is USB-upgradeable, and apparently that feature is also being added to the DPT3-series, although I have not seen a version of the DPT3 with this feature sold in the US yet. (The Cactus AF45 doesn't have it, for example.) Since this feature is new, no updates have actually been made available in this way yet, and it's unclear if one would need to get a Cactus or Vivitar version of the update or if they'll be available from the Tumax web site for all versions.


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